El próximo año Pemex contará con solo 116 mil 601 trabajadores, lo que significa un recorte de 36 mil 484 personas, es decir 23.8 por ciento menos respecto al total de 2014 (153 mil 85), cuando fue promulgada la reforma energética, según el Proyecto de Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federación 2017 presentado al Congreso el pasado 8 de septiembre.
El presupuesto presentado por las autoridades hacendarias indica que en este año el número de trabajadores va a cerrar en 125 mil 598 y para 2017 en 116 mil 601, lo que equivale al cierre de ocho mil 997 plazas.
Al 30 de junio la empresa reportó 131 mil 822 empleados, lo que significa una reducción de puestos de seis mil 569 respecto al cierre de 2015.
En 2015, cuando se anunció el primer recorte presupuestal para la empresa productiva del estado, la dirección general de finanzas dijo que se empezaría a cancelar las plazas del personal que se fuera jubilando, las cuales ascendían a por lo menos siete mil puestos entre ese año y 2016.
Trabajadores han denunciado despidos injustificados y jubilaciones “adelantadas”; el pasado 21 de agosto la Alianza Nacional Democrática de trabajadores petroleros disidentes al Sindicato de Trabajadores Petroleros de la República Mexicana, que encabeza Carlos Romero Deschamps, y la Unión Nacional de Técnicos y Profesionistas Petroleros convocaron a una movilización contra la reforma energética, para denunciar la pérdida de derechos de los trabajadores y las plazas.
La petrolera se vio sumergida en una crisis con la caída de los precios de crudo, que le han significados recortes a su presupuesto. Uno fue en 2015 por 62 mil millones de pesos, otro para este año de 100 mil millones y se plantea algo similar para 2017.
Un análisis realizado por Alberto Mondelli, socio líder de asesoría en capital humano y cambio Organizacional para América Latina de KPMG en México, plantea que la decisión más común de las empresas en la industria es recortar personal, pero con esto solo logran resolver un problema de corto plazo.
El reducir la plantilla laboral o congelar contrataciones, que es a lo que han tenido que recurrir muchas petroleras producto de los bajos precios, tiene consecuencias que afectan la industria como problemas de talento y pérdida de la inversión hecha en capital humano.
Techo para la deuda
Para el próximo año se pide que el techo de endeudamiento tanto interno como externo de Pemex sea mucho menor que el permitido para 2016.
La iniciativa de Ley de Ingresos de la Federación de 2017 plantea un monto de endeudamiento neto interno de hasta 28 mil millones de pesos y uno neto externo de hasta 7.1 mil millones de dólares para Pemex y sus empresas productivas subsidiarias.
El techo interno solicitado para 2017 es menor en 82.5 mil millones de pesos y el externo en 1.4 mil millones de dólares al aprobado en 2016 (110.5 mil millones de pesos y 8.5 mil millones de dólares, respectivamente).
El uso del endeudamiento para 2017 deberá cumplir con la meta de balance financiero aprobado, de 99 mil 200 millones de pesos.
La petrolera ha recurrido a varios financiamientos para cubrir los gastos de capital necesarios para llevar a cabo sus proyectos; sin embargo, reconoce que el aumento sustancial de deuda puede tener efectos adversos en su condición financiera.
En el reporte enviado a la Securities and Exchange Commission el pasado 26 de agosto, la petrolera reconoce que ciertas agencias calificadoras han expresado su preocupación con respecto a la cantidad total de la deuda y el aumento significativo de ésta en los últimos años. La última baja en las calificaciones de crédito global fue de Fitch Ratings en moneda local de A a BBB +.
No a la exploración
La propuesta presupuestal plantea cero pozos exploratorios contra los 29 de 2016, y 156 pozos en desarrollo, en 2016 se proyectaron 228.
En el paquete económico 2016, se contemplaban 29 pozos en exploración, Pemex en su programa operativo indicó la terminación de 34, de los cuales al primer semestre de año llevan 11 terminados.
La Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos registró que de estos 11 pozos exploratorios terminados por Pemex en la primera mitad del año, tres son improductivos al estar invadidos de agua salada, y cinco son productores de gas y aceite pero son no comerciales, y solo tres han resultado exitosos.
El decremento en el número de pozos en desarrollo y exploración se ha observado en los últimos años, en total en el primer semestre de 2016, fue de 102 pozos desarrollo y exploración terminados, 42 por ciento menos a los registrados en igual lapso de 2015, cuando fueron 175.
Según Pemex se debe a una menor actividad programada en Burgos, Aceite Terciario del Golfo, Macuspana-Muspac y Samaria Luna, así como el recorte por 100 mil millones de pesos en 2016.
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