Científicos de la Universidad Wits de Johannesburgo confirman, tras numerosos estudios, que existe un ‘continente perdido’ bajo la isla Mauricio en el Océano índico, un resto de la desintegración del supercontinente Gondwana, hace 200 millones de años.
El trozo de corteza de esta zona fue cubierta por lava joven durante las erupciones volcánicas en la isla, y parece ser una pequeña pieza del continente antiguo que se rompió desde la isla de Madagascar, cuando África, la India, Australia y la Antártida se separaron y formaron el Océano Índico.
“Estudiamos el proceso de ruptura de los continentes con el fin de comprender la historia geológica del planeta”, asegura el geólogo Lewis Ashwal, autor principal de la investigación que se ha publicado en ‘Nature Communications’. Ashwal y sus colegas Michael Wiedenbeck del Centro Alemán de investigación para las Geociencias (GFZ) y Trond Torsvik de la Universidad de Oslo han descubierto además que un mineral, el zirconio, se encuentra en rocas arrojadas por lava durante las erupciones volcánicas.
Unos restos de mineral demasiado antiguos
Llegaron a la conclusión de que los restos de este mineral eran demasiado antiguos para pertenecer a la Isla de Mauricio. En los continentes se hallan rocas de más de cuatro mil millones de años, pero no hay nada parecido en los océanos, en donde “se forman nuevas rocas”, explica el geólogo, según recoge ‘Ciencia Plus’ de Europa Press.
“Mauricio es una isla y no hay rocas de más de nueve millones de años allí; sin embargo, al estudiar las rocas de la zona, hemos encontrado zircones que son tan viejos como tres mil millones de años”. Los zircones son minerales que se producen principalmente en granitos de los continentes. Contienen trazas de uranio, torio y plomo, y debido al hecho de que sobreviven muy bien al proceso geológico, contienen un rico registro de procesos geológicos y pueden fecharse con gran precisión.
“El hecho de que hayamos encontrado zircones de esta edad demuestra que en Mauricio existen materiales de la corteza terrestre mucho más antiguos, que solo pudieron originarse en un continente”, afirma Ashwal.
Esta no es la primera vez que zircones de miles de millones de años se han encontrado en la isla. Un estudio hecho en 2013 encontró incluso rastros del mineral en la arena de la playa de la isla.
Sin embargo, fue muy criticado. Pero esta vez se han encontrado en una roca y “corrobora el estudio anterior y refuta cualquier sugerencia de zircones aerotransportados o transportados por las olas para explicar los resultados anteriores”, señala el geólogo, quien sostiene que hay muchas piezas de varios tamaños de un “continente desconocido”, llamado ‘Mauritia’, extendido bajo el Océano índico.
La historia del super-continente Gondwana
“De acuerdo con los nuevos resultados, esta ruptura no implicó una simple división del antiguo supercontinente de Gondwana, sino más bien una fragmentación compleja que tuvo lugar con fragmentos de corteza continental de tamaños variables dejados a la deriva dentro de la cuenca del Océano índico en evolución”.
Gondwana fue un súper continente que existió hace más de 200 millones de años y que contenía rocas de 3.600 millones de años, antes de dividirse en lo que en la actualidad son los continentes de África, América del Sur, Antártida, India y Australia. La división se produjo debido al proceso geológico de la tectónica de placas. Este es el proceso en el que al cuenca del océano está en movimiento continuo y se mueve entre 2 y 11 centímetros por año.
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