Es la primera ocasión en que se da una ratificación en cargos de elección popular y, por lo menos, 22 alcaldes volverán a gobernar capitales y ciudades principales
En las elecciones del 1 de julio, fueron reelectos 224 presidentes municipales, de los cuales 22 son de ciudades capitales o de alto desarrollo económico, también fueron ratificados en su cargo 67 legisladores locales.
En Monterrey, logró la reelección el priista Adrián de la Garza.
En Saltillo, Manolo Jiménez Salinas, con la coalición Todos por México.
Los alcaldes de Movimiento Ciudadano lograron reelegirse en municipios importantes de Jalisco: Zapopan (Pablo Lemus Navarro), Tlaquepaque (María Elena Limón García), y Puerto Vallarta (Arturo Dávalos Peña).
Esta es la primera ocasión en la que alcaldes y diputados locales pudieron contender para permanecer en el cargo que ya ocupaban.
“La reelección es uno de los mejores instrumentos que tienen los ciudadanos para premiar o castigar las decisiones de sus representantes locales”, afirma el Instituto Mexicano para la Competitividad (Imco), en su estudio La Reelección en México en los Tiempos de la Partidocracia.
Otro aspecto positivo que señala el documento es la posibilidad de que se planteen políticas públicas a mediano y largo plazos.
Ciudades optan por reelección
Entre los presidentes municipales ganadores están los de Monterrey, León, Saltillo, Chihuahua, Nuevo Laredo y Nezahualcóyotl.
En la primera ocasión que alcaldes y diputados locales pudieron reelegirse, 224 presidentes municipales y 67 legisladores en todo el país lo consiguieron.
Entre ellos destacan los alcaldes de capitales de sus estados o de ciudades importantes desde el punto de vista económico, y que podrían construir, con dos periodos al frente del gobierno municipal, un eventual camino hacia la gubernatura.
Es el caso del priista Adrián de la Garza, en Monterrey, el segundo político más fuerte en el estado después del gobernador, el independiente Jaime Rodríguez Calderón.
En Saltillo, la capital de Coahuila, Manolo Jiménez Salinas logró la reelección con la coalición Todos por México, encabezada por el PRI. El gobernador, el también priista Miguel Riquelme, fue alcalde de Torreón, ciudad en la que se reeligió el panista Jorge Zermeño.
Y en Chihuahua, María Eugenia Campos Galván logró la reelección, bajo las siglas del PAN, partido en el que también milita el gobernador, Javier Corral.
Los alcaldes de Movimiento Ciudadano lograron reelegirse en tres de los municipios más importantes de Jalisco: Zapopan, con Pablo Lemus Navarro; Tlaquepaque, María Elena Limón García, y Puerto Vallarta, con Arturo Dávalos Peña. El gobernador electo, Enrique Alfaro, del mismo partido, fue presidente municipal de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga.
Otros municipios importantes del país donde los alcaldes se reeligieron son Nuevo Laredo y Reynosa, Tamaulipas, con Óscar Rivas y Maki Esther Ortiz, respectivamente. Ambos contendieron bajo las siglas de la coalición Por Tamaulipas al Frente, integrada por el PAN, PRD y Movimiento Ciudadano. El gobernador, Francisco García Cabeza de Vaca, es panista.
En León e Irapuato, Guanajuato, los panistas Héctor López Santillana y Ricardo Ortiz se reeligieron. El gobernador, Miguel Márquez, también es panista.
En el Estado de México se reeligieron, entre otros, los alcaldes priistas de Lerma y Valle de Bravo; el panista de Huixquilucan, y los perredistas de Nezahualcóyotl y Tultepec.
La toma de posesión varía de un estado a otro. Por ejemplo, en Zacatecas fue el 15 de septiembre, mientras que en Oaxaca será el 1 de enero.
La reforma electoral de 2014 fue la que permitió a los alcaldes y diputados locales reelegirse por un periodo consecutivo más a partir de las elecciones del pasado 1 de julio, y se aplicó para los funcionarios electos en 2015.
Por ello, en la pasada jornada electoral, mil 380 alcaldes tuvieron la oportunidad de postularse para conseguir la reelección, y los 224 presidentes municipales que lograron repetir en el cargo equivalen al 16.23 por ciento.
En el caso de los diputados locales, 913 estaban en posibilidades de quedarse otro periodo en sus congresos, pero tuvieron una menor tasa de éxito, porque solamente lo logró el 7.33 por ciento.
Chihuahua fue el estado en donde más alcaldes obtuvieron la reelección, con 27, seguido de Coahuila, con 22; Estado de México y Michoacán, con 19; Jalisco, con 16, y Zacatecas, con 15.
En los congresos estatales, Nuevo León tiene el mayor número de legisladores reelectos, con 17. En segundo lugar, muy atrás, están Aguascalientes y Chihuahua, con 6.
La reelección es uno de los mejores instrumentos que tienen los ciudadanos para premiar o castigar las decisiones de sus representantes locales, afirma el Instituto Mexicano para la Competitividad (Imco) en su estudio La Reelección en México en los Tiempos de la Partidocracia.
Sin embargo, señala que en el 2012, poco antes de la aprobación de la reforma política, 70 por ciento de los ciudadanos dijeron estar en desacuerdo con la reelección.
El investigador César Reséndiz afirma en el estudio que parte del rechazo se debe a que los ciudadanos ven la reelección como una oportunidad para el cacicazgo y el caudillismo, y no como un mecanismo de rendición de cuentas.
Entre los aspectos positivos de la reelección, de acuerdo con el estudio del Imco, está la posibilidad de que los funcionarios planteen políticas públicas a mediano y largo plazos, que formen equipos profesionales de largo aliento, y que los ciudadanos adquieren el poder de premiar o castigar el desempeño de las administraciones.
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