Un equipo internacional de investigadores del Instituto Max Planck de Astronomía, en Heidelberg (Alemania), ha logrado fotografiar por primera vez un planeta ‘recién nacido’. El cuerpo celeste –el punto brillante cercano al oscuro centro de la imagen– se encuentra a unos tres mil millones de kilómetros de la estrella PDS 70, una distancia equivalente a la que existe entre Urano y el Sol.
Para obtener la imagen de este proceso de formación planetaria alrededor de PDS 70, los astrónomos utilizaron el instrumento SPHERE instalado en el telescopio VLT del European Southern Observatory (ESO), uno de los más potentes que existen.
SPHERE, que estudia exoplanetas y discos alrededor de estrellas cercanas gracias al uso de imágenes de alto contraste, permitió a los investigadores medir el brillo del nuevo cuerpo celeste a diferentes longitudes de onda y así deducir las propiedades de su atmósfera.
El análisis muestra que PDS 70b es un planeta de gas gigante con una masa mayor que la de Júpiter. Su superficie se encuentra a una temperatura cercana a los 1.000°C, mucho más alta que la de cualquier planeta del Sistema Solar.
El punto oscuro del centro de la imagen es obra de un coronógrafo, una máscara que bloquea la intensa luz de la estrella central y permite a los astrónomos detectar su disco y el nuevo planeta, cuya luminosidad es mucho más débil. Sin esta máscara, su tenue luz sería difícil de detectar.
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