Ciudad de México. México aplicará la vacuna contra Covid-19 de la empresa estadunidense Pfizer, primero al personal de salud que trabaja en la atención directa a la pandemia y luego a la población general en orden decreciente de edad, anunció hoy el subsecretario de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Hugo López-Gatell.
En la conferencia matutina presidencial, el funcionario subrayó que “todas y todos tendrán acceso” al antídoto, pero se aplicará con las prioridades señaladas.
Mencionó que la vacunación empezará en la Ciudad de México y Coahuila y desde febrero será en todo el territorio nacional.
Precisó que el criterio de prioridad será la edad, con independencia de las comborbiilidades que las personas pudieran tener. Se realizarán campaña para enfatizar en los sectores considerados más vulnerables para que acudan lo antes posible en función del periodo que le corresponda.
De acuerdo al Plan Nacional de Vacunación, la aplicación será en estas etapas:
-diciembre a febrero, personal de salud directamente involucrado
-etapa 2, el resto de los profesionales de la salud y población de más de 60 años, entre febrero y abril
-etapa 3, personas entre 50 y 59 años, abril-mayo
-etapa 4, personas entre 40 y 49 años, mayo-junio
-etapa 5 , menores de 40 años, junio 2021-marzo 2022
Las primeras dosis estarán en el país en la tercera semana de diciembre, cuando lleguen 250 mil unidades, que comprenden a 125 mil personas, pues la aplicación es doble. La distribución estará a cargo del Ejército y la Marina.
López-Gatell destacó que no sólo se tomará en cuenta el nivel de riesgo de la población. Aunque el objetivo es el acceso universal de la vacuna, se van a considerar las condiciones sociales y económicas.”No todo el mundo tiene el mismo riesgo de infectarse, enfermar y de complicarse y la misma capacidad de resolver su problema por diferencias sociales importante. Para que no haya confusión, todos tendrán acceso”.
Registro sanitario
Recordó que el candidato vacunal de Pfizer aún carece de registro sanitario, pero indicó que el próximo 10 de diciembre el regulador de Estados Unidos (FDA, por sus siglas en inglés) emitirá su criterio, el cual será revisado dos días después por la autoridad mexicana equivalente, la Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios (Cofepris).
Con base en el criterio estadunidense, la Cofepris realizará un “proceso expedito de reflexión” para emitir su propia autorización sanitaria, dijo López-Gatell.
El mecanismo se basa en que la FDA, igual que la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos, se consideran en la comunidad sanitaria mundial como entidades de “alto desempeño” y son referentes en la regulación, añadió el subsecretario.
En el mundo hay cerca de 200 candidatos vacunales, pero sólo 12 están en fase III de ensayo clínico, la última y definitiva etapa de prueba masiva en seres humanos.
Sin embargo, ninguna empresa ha reportado el final de sus pruebas ni cuenta con registro sanitario.
Para el acceso a la posible vacuna, México participa en la plataforma internacional Covax, auspiciada por las Naciones Unidas y tiene además convenios bilaterales con consorcios como el de Pfizer y la alemana BioNtech por 34.4 millones de dosis y el de AstraZeneca y la Universidad de Oxford, del Reino Unido, por 77 millones de dosis. Habrá otro contrato con el grupo chino-canadiense CanSino, por más de 30 millones de dosis.
Logística del plan
López-Gatell explicó que al inicio del plan habrá dos centros de aplicación de la vacuna en el país, debido a que el producto de Pfizer requiere de condiciones de ultracongelación, una temperatura de menos 70 grados centígrados.
Precisó que Pfizer diseñó cajas especiales para mantener la temperatura requerida en el traslado. En la aplicación se necesita una temperatura de 8 grados.
El subsecretario precisó que posteriormente se modificará el esquema de distribución a cargo de militares, para que pase a una operación civil.
Adelantó que se realizará una campaña para concientizar a la población de la importancia de la vacuna como parte de una estrategia general de atención de la pandemia, que implicará mantener las medidas de higiene personal y sana distancia, en la etapa de transición para reducir la incidencia del contagio.
Asimismo, destacó que eventualmente, cuando una entidad o municipio tenga brotes importantes de la epidemia, ahí se priorizará la vacunación.
Una posible aceleración de la campaña ocurrirá conforme haya mayor acceso a vacunas, dijo López-Gatell. Es decir, cuando las compañias tengan mas capacidad de producion y amplíen la dotación.
A pregunta expresa sobre el regreso a clases dijo que no necesariamene estaría asociada al la vacunación, sino se analizarían los factores que lo harían factible.
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