Petróleos Mexicanos no sólo ha decidido quedarse en el mercado de gasolinas de Estados Unidos, sino que este año ampliará su presencia con más estaciones de servicio, adelantó a MILENIO José Antonio González Anaya, director general de la empresa.
En entrevista, señaló que la prueba piloto de aceptación de la marca Pemex en territorio estadunidense ha dado resultados “tremendamente” positivos, pues las ventas en las estaciones han aumentado de manera sustancial.
Hasta el año pasado, Pemex contaba con cinco estaciones de su marca en Houston, pero sin duda este 2017 serán más; aunque todavía no se tiene un número concreto, la expansión contempla el sur de Texas.
“El mensaje que recibo es que la marca Pemex vale y mucho, y eso nos está dando idea, no solo a nosotros, sino a los otros participantes del mercado”, comentó el directivo.
En 2016, Pemex también analizó si se dedicaba a la venta de combustibles, aprovechando su experiencia y relación comercial con ese país, que es de donde trae a México la mayor parte de las gasolinas y donde tiene una alianza con Shell, en la refinería de Deer Park.
Respecto a su presencia en México, aun con la entrada de competencia, donde figuran grandes petroleras internacionales, entre ellas BP, Shell y ExxonMobil, dijo que seguirán con una participación activa.
“Poco a poco va a ocurrir eso, pero como hemos dicho, tenemos muy pocas estaciones por número de coches, de habitantes y kilómetros cuadrados, así que el pastel se hará más grande.
“En el reordenamiento seguramente entrarán algunos, unos perderemos y otros ganaremos; estoy ocupado en que Pemex sea un buen competidor interesante y que le dé a los mexicanos un mejor servicio”, dijo González Anaya.
Para Pemex, el año pasado el mercado mexicano de gasolinas le representó ventas por 336 mil 360.4 millones de pesos y las de diésel fueron por 136 mil 792.7 millones de pesos.
En enero de este año se reportaron ingresos por la venta de gasolinas de 34 mil 639.1 millones de pesos y para el diésel de 17 mil 297.9 millones de pesos; en suma fueron 51 mil 937 millones, esto es 16 mil 920.3 millones de pesos más que en enero de 2016, impulsados por el aumento de 14.2 y 20.1 por ciento de la Magna y Premium en ese mes, y de 16.5 por ciento para el diésel respecto al cierre del año pasado.
La principal razón por la que la gasolina que vende Pemex en EU es más barata es que el combustible que compra es local, producido y distribuido en esta nación.
Relación con EU
“Nuestra alianza fue con una compañía estadunidense, con Chevron, con una enorme tradición petrolera de más de 100 años; yo no quiero ser demasiado confiado, pero el mercado petrolero es mundial”, indicó.
De acuerdo con datos de Pemex, en 2016 las importaciones de gasolinas representaron casi 62 por ciento del consumo nacional; es decir, de los 823 mil barriles promedio diarios vendidos 504 mil provinieron del extranjero, principalmente de EU.
Mientras que las importaciones de gas natural se situaron en promedio en mil 934 millones de pies cúbicos diarios, lo que representa 57 por ciento de las ventas internas; este hidrocarburo es traído de Eagle Ford, en el sur de Texas.
La exportación de crudo fue de un millón 194 mil barriles diarios en promedio, de los cuales alrededor de 50 por ciento tuvo como destino EU.
“Si eso tuviera una complicación, sería perder-perder, pues si tuviéramos que venderle el petróleo a alguien más deberíamos hacer ajustes, porque tenemos que transportarlo más lejos; la ventaja con EU es la cercanía, lo mismo con las gasolinas; ellos pueden vender a otros países, pero sería una cosa disruptiva”, dijo el director general de Pemex.
“Lo del gas es más complicado, porque compramos un gran porcentaje de ese hidrocarburo, pero es difícil de transportar, y si no se vende a México, no van a tener muchos otros clientes”, añadió.
La visión de González Anaya es optimista, algo que también tiene que ver con que el secretario de Estado de EU, Rex Tillerson, fue director de ExxonMobil; “él está consciente de cómo funcionan los mercados, así que ciertamente la relación es ganar-ganar… si nos pone en una de perder-perder, eso nos coloca en una situación en la que podemos negociar”.
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